From: Andrew Cushman (andrewcuwindows.microsoft.com)
Date: Thu Jun 07 2007 - 17:44:36 CDT

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Not all chips have four rings. Mips and alpha and i think ppc all had
user and supervisor modes. x86 has four rings, and NT used three of
them for a while, but.... x64 has only user/supervisor when running in
64 bit mode.

From: dailydave-bounceslists.immunitysec.com
[mailto:dailydave-bounceslists.immunitysec.com] On Behalf Of Andreas
Junestam
Sent: Thursday, June 07, 2007 1:36 PM
To: dangeer.org; dailydavelists.immunitysec.com
Subject: Re: [Dailydave] luckily, there are no dumb questions

If memory servers me right, Alpha only supported to "rings" and
therefore only 2 was used on Intel as well.

/andreas

-----Original Message-----
From: dailydave-bounceslists.immunitysec.com on behalf of dangeer.org
Sent: Thu 6/7/2007 12:30 PM
To: dailydavelists.immunitysec.com
Subject: [Dailydave] luckily, there are no dumb questions

Luckily, there are no dumb questions or this would
likely be one.

How is it so that MS Windows uses only Rings 0 & 3?
An engineering answer, a marketing answer, and/or
an historical answer would be welcome. Don't know
why I never thought to ask before, but I'm asking
now. (And if I'm really wrong, please tell me what
uses 1|2.)

Bemusedly,

--dan

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